Livelock – Concurrency: Part I

Livelock Two threads may result in a livelock, if the response by a thread to another thread’s action is always to undo or revert the consequences of the action. The threads are responding to each other, but are blocked in making any progress. The combined actions of the threads make it impossible for them to
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The ThreadLocalRandom Class – Concurrency: Part II

The ThreadLocalRandom Class Some examples in this chapter make use of a pseudorandom generator. The class java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom provides a pseudorandom generator that is confined to the current thread—that is, it is local to the thread. The ThreadLocalRandom class extends the java.util.Random class, and provides methods that return uniformly distributed numerical values. The ThreadLocalRandom class is
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The ExecutorService Interface – Concurrency: Part II

The ExecutorService Interface Table 23.2 lists the executor services provided by the factory methods of the Executors class. An executor service implements the ExecutorService interface that extends the Executor interface with methods that provide the following functionality: In addition to the execute() method, an executor service provides the overloaded methods submit(), invokeAll(), and invokeAny() for
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Using an Executor Service – Concurrency: Part II

Using an Executor Service The idiom for using an executor service is embodied in the following steps that are illustrated in Example 23.1: • Create the executor service. • Submit tasks to the executor service. • Shut down and terminate the executor service. Example 23.1 Executor Lifecycle Click here to view code image package executors;import
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Controlling Shutdown and Termination of an Executor Service – Concurrency: Part II

Controlling Shutdown and Termination of an Executor Service The ExecutorService interface provides the awaitTermination() method, which in conjunction with the shutdown methods, allows more refined control over pending tasks at shutdown. Further control in shutting down and terminating an executor service is implemented by the awaitAndShutdownNow() method defined at (9) in Example 23.1. This method
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